There are two basic types of pour-in injector cleaners, solvent-based and detergent-based.
Solvent-based cleaners have some kind of solvent (such as toluene, as c4c5 Specialist explained) as the active ingrediant.
Because solvents in high concentrations are harmful to plastic or rubber fuel system parts, the injector cleaner must be formulated such that the concentration of solvent is not high enough to cause any damage. Unfortunately, in most cases, this makes solvent-based cleaners that are marketed to be used on a regular basis, not very potent and not a very good value.
Detergent-based cleaners use detergents as the active ingrediant. Detergents do not harm plastic or rubber fuel system parts.
There are few detergent-based injector cleaners because they are more costly to make and, thus, their makers cannot compete with those solvent-based products that are mass-marketed.
The best-known detergent-based injector cleaners are Red Line Complete Fuel System Cleaner and Chevron Techron.
I've used Red Line's product for about ten years as both a preventive maintenance choice and to clear mild cases of injector fouling.
For mild cases of injector fouling, I suggest the "shock treatement" which is one bottle of Red Line Fuel System Cleaner per tankful of fuel for three sucessive fill-ups.
For preventive maintenance, I suggest a mix of 4oz. of Fuel System Cleaner to each 10gal of gas added every third fill-up.