How It's Made
SMC 3374 is a special re-formulation of plastic materials that have been used in vehicles since the 1970s. But unlike its predecessors, SMC 3374 is lightweight and yet rigid enough to be a structural part, and can withstand high heat without softening. It starts out as a dough-like material called resin paste, which is rolled out thinly in a continuous sheet. Glass fibers, each about an inch long, are sprinkled across the sheet. A cover sheet of polyethylene or nylon plastic with more resin paste on it is laid over the fibers, and the entire composite sandwich is run through several rollers to "knead" the dough and ensure that the fibers are thoroughly wetted. The sheet is then either rolled into a 1,000-pound spool, or "festooned" in a large box, like taffy. The polyethylene or nylon sheet ensures that the material, which is about as sticky as toothpaste, doesn't cling to itself. These spools or boxes of material are then allowed to sit for two or three days to firm slightly. At the end of this "maturation" the SMC becomes as firm as modeling clay. The protective sheet is peeled off and the SMC is cut into sections, called charges, which may be several layers of SMC thick, and is ready to be made into a vehicle part. A charge is then inserted into a two-sided, heated die, where it is pressed at 1,000 pounds per square inch at about 300 degrees Fahrenheit for about two minutes to mold the part. A lubricant built into the material helps to de-mold the formed, hardened part. It is then ready to be trimmed and painted.