Why? Why does it take more fuel at higher RPM? Clearly it does take more fuel. What is the physics of it? Internal engine friction is a very large factor. Try and turn an engine by hand. It is a serious grunt to do it. Rolling resistance and air resistance are independent of engine speed, so the extra energy needed to propel the car using lower gears and higher engine speed must be due to a condition within the engine itself.
If having higher RPM's requires more fuel, why doesn't that apply around town? The same rules should apply. It may not be rocket science, but it is still science. I simply don't buy the idea that lower gears result in higher gas mileage. If you get better acceleration, it means that you used more energy. More energy out means more energy utilized. More energy utilized means more fuel burned.
I totally agree with you that lower gears are a performance improvement. I just don't see how you can have your cake and eat it too. I don't mean this to be argumentative or unfriendly. I mean this to be a friendly discussion/debate.
Jim